Nestling in the foothills of the mighty Himalayas, Corbett Tiger Reserve lies mainly in the hilly districts of Nainital, Almora and Pauri Garhwal. At present the Tiger Reserve covers an area of 1318.54 sq km and includes within it Corbett National Park (520.82 sq km) Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary(301.18 sq km) and Reserve Forest (496.54 sq km).
Three rivers feed Corbett Tiger Reserve - Ramganga, which flows in from the northeast and meanders through the Park to form the reservoir at Dhikala. It is then damned at Kalagarh, in the southwest; Sonanadi, a tributary of Ramganga River flows in from the northwest; Palain, another tributary of Ramganga flows in from the north.
Besides these, Mandal River flows in through the northeast, forming a portion of the northeastern boundary and merging with the Ramganga River at Domunda. The Kosi River forms the eastern boundary of the reserve but does not enter the park at any point.
Corbett Tiger Reserve has three distinct topographic zones within it; from the Shivaliks in the north to the Bhabar tract of the Patlidun valley and the swampy Terai in the south, the reserve has an elevation ranging from 400m to 1200m, thus having a rich diversity of flora, fauna and habitats.
The most dominant tree in these mixed deciduous forests is Sal (Shoera robusta); it accounts for about 73% of the floral coverage. Dense Sal forests are found on hilltops and ridges in the reserve and are accompanied with other species including Haldu (Adina cordifolia), Bankuli (Anogeissus latifolia), Kura (Holarrhena antidysenterica), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Sain (Terminalia tomentosa), Bakain (Melia azedarach), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Rohini (Mallotus philippinenisis) and Semal (Bombax ceiba), to name a few. The valleys thrive with grassland locally called ‘chaurs’ and riverine forests of mainly Khair (Acacia catechu) and Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo). Main under growth in these forests consists of Clerodendrom (Clerodendrom viscosum), Panwar (Cassia tora), Curry plant (Murraya koenigii) and Lantana (Lantana camara). About 110 species of trees, 51 species of shrubs and 33 species of grasses and bamboo are listed in Corbett.
Corbett also boasts of a rich variety of faunal species. About 50 species of mammals, about 600 species of birds, 26 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians and many insect species are found in the reserve.
Besides, being home to the Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris), Corbett is also the northern most tract of habitat for the Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) and one can see large herds in the grasslands during the summer months. Other mammals of the reserve include the Leopard (Panthera pardus), Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis), 4 kinds of deer Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), Spotted Deer (Axis axis), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) & Langur monkey (Presbytis entellus), Ghoral or Mountain Goat (Nemorhaedus goral), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsinyula), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus), Yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) etc.
There have also been rare sightings of Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) and the Himalayan Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus).
The Mugger or the fresh water Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Gharial (Gavialis gangeticusl), Common otter (Lutra lutra monticola), Smooth-coated otter (Lutra perspicillata), Small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea), turtles and a variety of fishes; Golden Masheer (Barbus Tor putitora), Goonch, Trout, etc are seen in and around the Ramganga River.
Reptile species include Monitor Lizard or the Bengal Monitor (Varanus bengalensis), King Cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah), Indian Rock Python (Python molurus), Indian Trinket Snake (Elaphe Helena), Common Indian Krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Spectacled or Indian Cobra (Naja naja)…
Corbett is also a bird watchers paradise and some of the avian attractions include a variety of Woodpeckers, Kingfishers, Hornbills, Parakeets, Shrikes, Barbets, Drongos, Minivets, Storks, Owls, Pheasants, Eagles, Vultures, Harriers...
For a complete list of trees, birds, mammals, reptiles and fish please refer to the checklists.